The silence tax: disclosing your single-arm trial's limitations to an FDA advisory committee before a panellist does
Where the comparator patients come from: why an external control arm is won or lost after you've picked the data source
RWEStrategyReal world evidenceexternal control armsdrug developmentThe "brochure delta": why the cost saving from an external control arm is not a number anyone can quote you
Strategyregulatory strategydrug developmentHow much trial do you actually need? Right-sizing the pivotal programme to the first-approval decision
Answer-blind or answer-first: what real-world evidence can rescue after a comparator fails, and what no regulator will let it rescue
Surrogate endpoints and accelerated approval after FDORA: the standard didn't move, the reckoning got faster